Accordingly, zebrafish has emerged as a popular model for studying human inherited arrhythmias 1, 2, 3 and for high-throughput drug screening of potential human cardiotoxicities 4, 5, such as QT prolongation. Nonetheless, the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms and the duration of the QT interval of both species are remarkably similar ( Figure 1). Anatomically, the zebrafish heart is different from the four-chambered human and other mammalian hearts because of its diminutive scale (100-fold smaller than the human heart) and its two-chambered structure consisting of only one atrium and one ventricle. The heart is enclosed rather loosely within a silver-colored pericardial sac. The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) heart is located anteroventrally to the thoracic cavity between the operculum and the pectoral girdles.
We also introduce a rapid real-time interpretation strategy for quality validation to ensure data accuracy and robustness early in the electrocardiogram recording process.
We illustrate our protocol using healthy adult male zebrafish of 12-18 months of age. Here, we describe a practical, straightforward approach to in vivo electrocardiography for adult zebrafish using a low-maintenance, cost-effective, and comprehensive system that yields consistent, reliable recordings. However, too often, the lack of a reliable, practical, and cost-effective recording method remains a major challenge preventing this in vivo diagnostic tool from becoming more readily accessible. As such, in vivo electrocardiography for adult zebrafish is an electrical phenotyping tool that is necessary, if not indispensable, for cross-sectional or longitudinal in vivo electrophysiological characterizations. These electrocardiogram similarities enhance the value of zebrafish not only as a research model for human cardiac electrophysiology and myopathies but also as a surrogate model in high throughput pharmaceutical screening for potential cardiotoxicities to humans, such as QT prolongation.
The electrocardiogram waveforms of adult zebrafish and those of humans are remarkably similar.
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